Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a chronic disease that is the third cause of vascular death following ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. VTE mainly includes pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The etiopathogenesis of VTE is related to Virchow's triad (venous stasis, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability) as well as the hemostasis system and immune system (immunothrombosis). At present, VTE continues to be a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. The diagnosis of VTE is based on three pillars: pretest clinical probability (PCP), the determination of D-dimer values, and performing imaging tests only in cases in which the PCP is probable and/or which present high D-dimer values.Anticoagulant treatment is the cornerstone of VTE treatment and can be divided into three phases: the acute phase (the first five to ten days), the maintenance phase (the first three to six months), and the extended (or chronic) phase after the sixth month. Its goal is to prevent early death and the recurrence of VTE, with periodic reassessment of hemorrhagic risk.
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