Abstract
Background: Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (AT-GVDH) is produced by an aggressive host inmune response secondary to the incorporation and proliferation of T lymphocytes in blood products. AT-GVDH affects immunocompromised patients with cellular immune dysfunction, but also immunocompetent persons with certain genetic characteristics. It presents as an acute syndrome that involves skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver and bone marrow. The use of irradiated blood products represents the only therapeutic choice. Objective: To describe a severe and rarely diagnosed pathological condition associated to frequent clinical practice. Case-Report: A 6 months-old child with a severe combined immunodeficiency (pathology with high risk of AT-GVDH) who developed this disease after a filtered red blood cell transfusion. Conclusions: The AT-GVDH is an uncommon iatrogenic and highly lethal complication related to the use of blood products. It implies high degree of clinical suspicion because underlying pathologies of risk may be unknown. The therapy is poor, being prevention the only available alternative. It is fundamental to know the risks and complications in using blood products, in order to determine correctly their indications.
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