Abstract
In order to meet the climate targets established by the European Union and the Paris Agreement, it is essential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the Baltic Sea Region while securing the energy supply. In addition, for various political and security reasons, there is a preference for minimising reliance on Russian energy sources, particularly in the BSR countries that are part of Central and Eastern Europe. A timely clean energy transition is therefore crucial, not only to meet established targets but also to address these concerns. Far from resolving these issues, the controversial Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project has only added to the complexity of the energy transition in the Baltic Sea Region. Crucial macro-level socio-political and legal challenges must be addressed in order to expedite an energy transition in the region. This chapter is an endeavour to identify these challenges and their root causes.
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