Abstract
Energy-saving continuous fractionation and deep purification of organic material by zonal melting is considered. This approach permits the combination of various purification methods: fractionation by directional and/or counterflow solidification; and deep purification by single-zone or multizone melting. Simplified (for engineering use) and more detailed mathematical descriptions of the solidification of a binary melt with a stable phase boundary are considered. The rates of crystal nucleation and growth in binary melts are taken into account, as well as the influence of mass transfer on the heat transfer, the thermal diffusion, and the need for considerable temperature gradients. The mathematical descriptions employ effective distribution coefficients of the components that take account of the change in boundary-layer thickness on solidification (melting). The discrepancy between practical experience and the calculation results is no more than 10%, with 95% probability. An industrial system for continuous deep purification by zonal melting is proposed. It is based on a roller crystallization unit. A general mathematical description of the solidification of a binary melt is formulated and provides the basis for a simplified mathematical description and an algorithm for its solution in engineering calculations.
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