Abstract
In control devices for the Internet of Things (IoT), energy is one of the critical restriction factors. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) has been proved to be an effective method for reducing the energy consumption of processors. This paper proposes an energy-efficient scheduling algorithm for IoT control devices with hard real-time control tasks (HRCTs) and soft real-time tasks (SRTs). The main contribution of this paper includes two parts. First, it builds the Hybrid tasks with multi-subtasks of different function Weight (HoW) task model for IoT control devices. HoW describes the structure of HRCTs and SRTs, and their properties, e.g., deadlines, execution time, preemption properties, and energy-saving goals, etc. Second, it presents the Hybrid Tasks' Dynamic Voltage Scaling (HTDVS) algorithm. HTDVS first sets the slowdown factors of subtasks while meeting the different real-time requirements of HRCTs and SRTs, and then dynamically reclaims, reserves, and reuses the slack time of the subtasks to meet their ideal energy-saving goals. Experimental results show HTDVS can reduce energy consumption about 10%–80% while meeting the real-time requirements of HRCTs, HRCTs help to reduce the deadline miss ratio (DMR) of systems, and HTDVS has comparable performance with the greedy algorithm and is more favorable to keep the subtasks' ideal speeds.
Highlights
IntroductionThe term Internet of Things (IoT) first appeared in the white papers of Auto-ID Center about the Electronic Product
The term Internet of Things (IoT) first appeared in the white papers of Auto-ID Center about the Electronic ProductCode (EPC) by Brock in 2001 [1]
This paper focuses on the energy-saving problem of IoT control devices, which is applied to ubiquitous sensing and controlling, and involves energy-saving and real-time requirements
Summary
The term IoT first appeared in the white papers of Auto-ID Center about the Electronic Product. In the IoT, they are not isolated systems, but usually need to send information (e.g., states or feedback information) to and receive information (e.g., command information) from remote nodes or control centers, i.e., they are hybrid systems with both HRCTs and SRTs. Besides inherent real-time constraints in control systems [5], because of the limitation of volume or weight, these devices usually have limited energy. We extend the method proposed in [20], and present a new energy-efficient uniprocessor scheduling method HTDVS for IoT control devices with HRCTs and SRTs. Under real-time constraints and different energy-saving goals, HTDVS can effectively save energy while reducing the response time jitters of HRCTs. The work in this paper is suitable for IoT control devices for the following reasons:.
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