Abstract
This paper presents a novel adaptation of the score-based scheduling principle along with a method for trading-off bandwidth for energy efficiency for use in Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems. The score-based principle is adapted to make use of both a relative and absolute energy efficiency metric. This results in flexible energy efficient scheduling that preserves the quality of service (QoS), as well as reduces the interference in the system. The general principle behind bandwidth expansion is to extend a user's bandwidth by a factor of alpha. The currently achieved QoS is maintained by switching to a lower order modulation scheme and adjusting any other link parameters as necessary. Both, a purely theoretical and an empirical approach are used to evaluate the performance of the concept. Through a theoretical derivation, it is established that the higher the user's employed modulation order is, the greater the possible gains are from employing such a transmission mode. The calculated improvement ranges from approximately 43% to 98%, or approximately 2 to 50 times reduction in transmission energy. A realistic simulation tool is developed to empirically validate the theoretical results. When an expansion of bandwidth by a factor of 2 is simulated, the bandwidth expansion mode (BEM) is more efficient in 83% of the time, and energy is reduced 2.6 times on average, while retaining the established QoS.
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