Abstract
The forthcoming fifth generation (5G) networks are claimed to deliver the large amount of traffic generated by the huge number of heterogeneous devices that constitute the Internet of Things (IoT). This unprecedented volume of both human- and machine-generated traffic to be managed imposes 5G network operators to move the focus from throughput-optimized to energy-efficiency-optimized resource allocation solutions. Device-to-device (D2D) communications are recognized as an effective offloading technique that the 5G network can exploit to boost the capacity and energy efficiency of future 5G networks. In this paper, we design a technique to efficiently deliver multicast traffic in a 5G New Radio (NR) network by exploiting the benefits of D2D communication and single-frequency operation in order to improve the overall network energy efficiency. In the designed solution, the subset of devices in better channel conditions are served through a conventional multicast transmission, while cell-edge devices receive the multicast service from relay nodes that simultaneously transmit in D2D mode the same content. The dimension of the multicast serving area and the set of D2D connections to establish are chosen in order to maximize the overall network energy efficiency. Performed simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution under varying frame configurations and number of multicast devices.
Highlights
While the previous mobile technology generations focused on optimizing the performance of Human-to-Human communications in terms of coverage, bandwidth, and latency, the generation mobile network (5G) moves the focus from Humans to Machines, since an unprecedented number of objects will join the Internet together with people
Our proposed EED2D-SF will select the configuration identified with the green color, since it exhibits the best performance in terms of overall network energy efficiency because of both the number of devices involved and the position of cell-edge devices with respect to the relay node
Simulation campaigns have been conducted in MATLAB, by following the guidelines in [27,28], in order to validate the capability of the proposed EED2D-SF scheme to perform a network resources allocation that is able to minimize the network energy consumption while being efficient in terms of delivered data rate to devices
Summary
While the previous mobile technology generations (from 2G to 4G) focused on optimizing the performance of Human-to-Human communications in terms of coverage, bandwidth, and latency, the generation mobile network (5G) moves the focus from Humans to Machines, since an unprecedented number of objects will join the Internet together with people. Human-Type Communication (HTC) and Machine-Type Communication (MTC) requires that the 5G technology puts in place appropriate changes and improvements, at both application and customer levels, to manage resources efficiently at higher data-rates, lower latency and higher reliability, and to support effectively a huge number of connected devices. The Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry is responsible of the global power consumption by generating a hundred million tons of CO2 For these reasons, one of the main bets of 5G is to reduce energy consumption by ensuring longer battery life of sensor/machine nodes. We opt for the first category and propose Energy Efficient D2D over Single Frequency Network (hereinafter referred to as EED2D-SF), a resource allocation algorithm for multicast service delivery that couples conventional multicast with D2D communication and takes advantage from the Single.
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