Energy-Efficient Distributed Packet Scheduling Optimization Strategy in Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems

Liang Dai,Tianquan Chen,Guiping Wang,Yiming Zhai,Dongkyun Kim

doi:10.1155/2021/6661623

Abstract

In the cooperative vehicle infrastructure system (CVIS), due to the limitation of deployment conditions, some roadside units (RSUs) need to use renewable energy to supply power and transmit the fused sensor network’s data to the backbone network through the passing vehicles. Aiming at the problem of energy consumption and time delay guarantee of multiple self-powered RSUs in the CVIS, a distributed packet scheduling optimization strategy for energy-delay trade-off in self-powered RSUs is proposed. The strategy can minimize the system energy consumption by constraining the packet queue length of the self-powered RSUs. A dynamic optimization model of distributed packet adaptive scheduling for multiple self-powered RSUs is established based on the Lyapunov optimization theory. Based on the knapsack algorithm, the analytical algorithm of the optimization model is proposed. The simulation results show that the packet scheduling strategy can reduce the energy consumption and delay of the system by satisfying the upper limit of the packet queue length.

Highlights

IntroductionIn reference [19], aiming at the energy efficiency problem of roadside units (RSUs), under the condition that the energy of vehicles is not constrained, a scheduling method combining RSUs and relaying transmission of passing vehicles with multihop data forwarding is proposed, so as to reduce the energy consumption of RSUs. Hammad et al studied the energy-saving scheduling problem of RSUs with variable bit rate transmission between RSUs and vehicles, obtained the lower limit of energy consumption to meet the demand of different vehicles’ service volume, and designed the optimal offline variable bit rate slot scheduling algorithm of RSUs [20]
The highway has the characteristics of long distance, small traffic density, relatively stable vehicle route, and moving speed, which is an important scene for the research and application of Internet of Vehicles [1, 2]
According to the data of the U.S Department of Transportation, it is estimated that 40% of the roadside units (RSUs) on highways will use energy harvesting to realize the self-powered supply through solar energy or wind energy harvesting equipment [11] and make corresponding scheduling according to the communication conditions and energy storage status of the system, so as to improve the system on the premise of ensuring the service life of RSUs’ batteries The energy efficiency can improve the performance of the cooperative vehicle infrastructure system (CVIS)

Summary

Introduction

In reference [19], aiming at the energy efficiency problem of RSUs, under the condition that the energy of vehicles is not constrained, a scheduling method combining RSUs and relaying transmission of passing vehicles with multihop data forwarding is proposed, so as to reduce the energy consumption of RSUs. Hammad et al studied the energy-saving scheduling problem of RSUs with variable bit rate transmission between RSUs and vehicles, obtained the lower limit of energy consumption to meet the demand of different vehicles’ service volume, and designed the optimal offline variable bit rate slot scheduling algorithm of RSUs [20]. The optimization problem is transformed by the Lyapunov function and analyzed through the structure of the optimal solution

System Model

Optimization Problem

Simulation and Analysis

Findings

Conclusions