Abstract
PurposeTo derive dietary patterns based on dietary energy density (DED), free sugars, SFA, and fiber and investigate association with odds of overweight/obesity in young adults.MethodsCross-sectional data from 625 young Australian adults (18–30 years) were used. Dietary patterns were derived using reduced rank regression based on dietary data from a smartphone food diary using DED, free sugars, SFA, and fiber density as response variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between dietary patterns and odds of self-reported overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).ResultsTwo dietary patterns were identified (DP1 and DP2). DP-1 was positively correlated with DED, free sugars, and SFA, and inversely correlated with fiber density. It was characterized by higher sugar-sweetened beverages intake and lower vegetable intake, and associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity (OR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.05, 1.42). DP-2 was positively correlated with fiber density and free sugars, and inversely correlated with DED and SFA. It was characterized by higher sugar-sweetened beverages intake and lower non-lean red meat intake, and was not significantly associated with overweight/obesity.ConclusionAn energy-dense dietary pattern high in free sugars and SFA and low in fiber was associated with higher odds of obesity in young adults. These findings support dietary interventions that target reductions in energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages.
Highlights
Diets high in energy-dense foods, such as processed meats, as well as high energy sugar-sweetened beverages have been associated with a greater risk of obesity and chronic disease [1]
Of the 983 participants recruited into Measuring Eating in everyday Life Study (MEALS), 675 participants were included in the present analyses
This study used a real-time food diary smartphone app to identify an energy-dense dietary pattern high in free sugars and SFA and low in fiber that was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity in young adults
Summary
Diets high in energy-dense foods, such as processed meats, as well as high energy sugar-sweetened beverages have been associated with a greater risk of obesity and chronic disease [1]. European Journal of Nutrition for obesity in young adulthood will inform the design of dietary interventions to reduce the tracking of unhealthy diets and chronic disease risk into later life. Dietary pattern methodologies, such as reduced rank regression, consider the frequency and combination of foods consumed, providing a more holistic approach to characterizing overall diets rather than focusing on single foods and nutrients [6]. With increasing consensus that energy-dense diets high in free sugars and saturated fats and low in fiber are associated with obesity risk [10], there is a need to examine these within the context of an overall dietary pattern
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