Energy-Based Assessment of Commercial Adaptive Cruise Control Systems

Abstract

Vehicle automation is regarded as one of the most promising technologies in transportation networks to alleviate congestion, improve safety and energy efficiency. Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems, which serve as the first step of automation, are already standard equipment in many commercially available vehicles. Therefore, the observation-based assessment of such systems individually and in platoon formations is very appealing. The thematic focus of this study is laid on investigations into the impact of ACC systems on energy and fuel consumption inside the platoon. High-resolution data from two experimental car-following campaigns consisted of platoons with ACC-equipped vehicles are collected. Two driving modes are considered, human- and ACC-driven vehicles. Results are presented with four independent energy consumption models. The findings reveal that an upstream energy propagation was observed inside the platoon by the ACC participants, indicating that ACC systems are less efficient than human drivers. On the positive side, ACC systems do not generally fail inside a platoon, keeping steady time-gaps. They seem to operate based on a constant headway policy, and their performance is conditioned to the environment. ACC drivers in protected environments and campaigns might perform better but should be (ideally) tested in adverse environments.