Energy-aware routing in wireless sensor networks: a complex networks based approach

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have practical application in various fields. Routing in WSNs focuses on reduction of energy consumption and extension of the network lifetime owing to the limited energy, storage space and computing ability. In recent years, complex network-based approaches, which attempt to exploit the structure of WSNs to make better routing decision, are becoming increasingly popular. Since data transmission in WSNs follows a multi-hop pattern, the selection of the best forwarding sensor node is very important in routing. In order to let all sensor nodes take part in routing as evenly as possible and extend the network lifetime of WSNs, an energy-aware routing strategy is proposed with the aid of complex network theory. The proposed routing algorithm introduces node degree deviation as an indicator of high- or low-degree nodes, and adopts a combination of the distance and consumed energy as the forwarding criterion. By shifting traffic from high-degree to low-degree nodes, the proposed routing algorithm extends the network lifetime and balances the energy consumption between the two node types. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm dramatically extends the network lifetime and balances the network energy consumption compared with local betweenness centrality-based energy-aware routing algorithm and the shortest path routing algorithm.