Energy–Water–CO2 Synergetic Optimization Based on a Mixed-Integer Linear Resource Planning Model Concerning the Demand Side Management in Beijing’s Power Structure Transformation

Yuan Liu,Jian Han,Mingxin Guo,Qinliang Tan

doi:10.3390/en14113268

Abstract

Studies on the energy–water–CO2 synergetic relationship is an effective way to help achieve the peak CO2 emission target and carbon neutral goal in global countries. One of the most valid way is to adjust through the electric power structure transformation. In this study, a mixed-integer linear resource planning model is proposed to investigate the energy–water–CO2 synergetic optimization relationship, concerning the uncertainties in the fuel price and power demand prediction process. Coupled with multiple CO2 emissions and water policy scenarios, Beijing, the capital city of China, is chosen as a case study. Results indicate that the demand-side management (DSM) level and the stricter environmental constraints can effectively push Beijing’s power supply system in a much cleaner direction. The energy–water–CO2 relationship will reach a better balance under stricter environmental constraints and higher DSM level. However, the achievement of the energy–water–CO2 synergetic optimization will be at an expense of high system cost. Decision makers should adjust their strategies flexibly based on the practical planning situations.

Highlights

In recent decades, the potential adverse impact of atmospheric CO2 emissions has drawn more and more attention
The power demand of 2025 in Beijing is 276,254 GWh, which will increase by 57.92% on the base of 2021, while the power demand of 2030 is 494,547 GWh, which will increase FiFgibugyruer1e28.22T..hT7e1h%esismiomunluatlthaioteinobnraersseeusluotloft fo2tf0ht2eh1ep. rpTirchieceeopfotfohtweheenrantaduteruamrlagal angsad.s.prediction will be the input data of the proposed mixed-integer linear resource planning (MILRP) model
The mixed-linear programming model can effectively help to obtain the capacity expansion scheme of each power technology under multiple energy–environmental scenarios, it is applied into the Beijing city to help optimize the electric power supply and investigate the feasible energy–water–CO2 synergic relationship

Summary

Introduction

The potential adverse impact of atmospheric CO2 emissions has drawn more and more attention. The global warming issue is mainly driven by a strong increase in the carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere by human activities [1]. CO2 emissions is closely related to human activities such as the exploitation of energy resources, energy utilization, energy transportation, and deforestation, as well as other industrial, residential, and commercial activities. It mainly comes from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil [3]. The question of whether China can decarbonize its electric power sector will have important implications on its contributions to reducing the global warming and achieving the total CO2 emissions reduction target [6]. Finding the balance between these two problems will become a significant and practical issue

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion