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Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) biomass holds significant potential as a renewable energy resource in Europe due to its adaptability, high oil content, and role in biodiesel production. This review explores the energy applications of rapeseed biomass, examining its agronomic characteristics and environmental benefits. A detailed analysis of extraction processes—pressing, solvent extraction, and refining—highlights methods to optimize oil yield and quality. Additionally, the review addresses the use of rapeseed oil in various biofuel applications, including its direct use and in blends with fuels like alcohols and hydrogen, analyzing performance and emissions outcomes. Rapeseed cake, a valuable by-product, is discussed for its dual role as animal feed and as a moderate biofuel alternative. Emissions data and combustion efficiency metrics provide insights into the feasibility of rapeseed oil as a fuel substitute. Overall, this review aims to underscore the contributions of rapeseed biomass to sustainable energy and to identify gaps in current research that can guide future innovations in biofuel production and agricultural sustainability in Europe. Research in rapeseed biomass focuses on optimizing extraction methods, improving combustion efficiency and emission control, exploring advanced uses for rapeseed cake, developing higher-yielding and resilient varieties, conducting lifecycle sustainability assessments, and investigating new biofuel blends and applications.
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