Abstract
The optical properties of calcium fluoride triply doped with cerium, europium andmanganese ions have been analyzed in the present investigation. The spectroscopicdata obtained clearly indicate that energy transfer takes place from tetragonalCe3+–Fint− ionsto Eu2+ and Mn2+ ions. Such energy transfer occurs via a short-range interaction mechanism intoCe3+–Eu2+ andCe3+–Mn2+ clusters formed in the crystalline matrix. In contrast to the energy transfer usually observed inCaF2:Eu2+:Mn2+,manganese ions do not appear to be sensitized by europium ions, which might suggest thatEu2+ ions prefer to clusterwith tetragonal Ce3+ ions when these ions are also present in the lattice. This preferential impurity clusteringappears to be a quite relevant finding for the design of more efficient laser systems orconversion phosphors of ultraviolet to visible light. The number of tetragonal cerium ionsassociated with activator ions (europium or manganese) was estimated using a simplemodel describing the essential features of the kinetics of the and energy transfers.
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