Abstract
Electricity industry is in the midst of revolutionary transition from outdated ageing power infrastructure to an intelligent sophisticated smart grid network utilizing modern communication technologies to enhance power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption. Smart metering infrastructure is an integral part of the smart power grid revolution. Smart meters, in addition to their primary billing functions, serve as distributed Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes for enhancing grid reliability. Existing ad hoc routing protocols are based on single routing criterion such as hop count. This single routing metric approach can overload and deplete resource constrained smart meters along preferred paths. A protocol is needed which is aware of energy level and traffic congestion of smart metering nodes. In addition, protocol should select route based on link quality for optimal routing. In this paper, a novel WSN ad hoc routing protocol ETL-AODV is proposed for reliable and energy efficient communication of smart metering nodes. Three simulation based case studies are conducted to analyze the performance of the proposed protocol, and relative comparison is provided based on four metrics: (i) packet delivery ratio (PDR), (ii) normalized routing load (NRL) (iii) average energy consumption and (iv) average end-to-end delay.
Highlights
This century has witnessed exponential increase in electricity consumption, and its unchecked use has brought us to the verge of a power crisis
For each set of nodes, ETL-Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) outperforms AODV protocol. This is due to the fact that ETL-AODV considers energy, traffic load, and link quality during route formation so more stable routes are formed enhancing Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR)
We have proposed a reliable Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) ad hoc routing protocol (ETL-AODV) for smart metering infrastructure
Summary
This century has witnessed exponential increase in electricity consumption, and its unchecked use has brought us to the verge of a power crisis. Electricity supplying companies can have real time view of load/demand and can preemptively bolster the grid against interruptions leading to improved reliability in all stages of its operation Both wired and wireless communication mediums are being utilized for smart metering deployment. WSN is a class of ad hoc network which organizes the smart meters in an infrastructure less distributed reconfigurable topology Smart meters with their wireless capability transmit their own and relay other meter readings to the power grid control centre. Smart meters running on power lines use rechargeable batteries for wireless communication module and back up requirements in case of power failure scenarios so energy consumption of protocols should be considered. A new ad hoc routing protocol (ETL-AODV) is proposed to achieve reliability, energy efficiency, and self-healing requirements of WSN based smart metering deployment.
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