Abstract
Energy trading with electric vehicles provides opportunities to eliminate the high peak demand for electric vehicle charging while providing cost saving and profits for all participants. This work aims to design a framework for local energy trading with electric vehicles in smart parking lots where electric vehicles are able to exchange energy through buying and selling prices. The proposed architecture consists of four layers: the parking energy layer, data acquisition layer, communication network layer, and market layer. Electric vehicles are classified into three different types: seller electric vehicles (SEVs) with an excess of energy in the battery, buyer electric vehicles (BEVs) with lack of energy in the battery, and idle electric vehicles (IEVs). The parking lot control center (PLCC) plays a major role in collecting all available offer/demand information among parked electric vehicles. We propose a market mechanism based on the Knapsack Algorithm (KPA) to maximize the PLCC profit. Two cases are considered: electric vehicles as energy sellers and the PLCC as an energy buyer, and electric vehicles as energy buyers and the PLCC as an energy seller. A realistic parking pattern of a parking lot on a university campus is considered as a case study. Different scenarios are investigated with respect to the number of electric vehicles and amount of energy trading. The proposed market mechanism outperforms the conventional scheme in view of costs and profits.
Highlights
The grid integration of electric vehicles represents a unique and complex problem for the distribution power system
[12], we propose a four-layered architecture for energy trading in a smartlot, parking lot, as
The market mechanism was evaluated from the parking lot control center (PLCC) perspective
Summary
The grid integration of electric vehicles represents a unique and complex problem for the distribution power system. This is due to the fact that electric vehicles act as loads while charging, energy storage systems during the idle state, and distributed energy sources while discharging. Different schemes have been considered in order to coordinate the charging/discharging process of electric vehicles including grid control using incentives and time-varying prices supported by the grid operator [1]. The current process of energy transactions in KEPCO prohibits direct energy trading between prosumers and consumers. As the penetration rate and the grid integration of renewable energy sources (RES) such as photovoltaic, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles are continuously increasing, more and more energy consumers are becoming energy prosumers.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
