Abstract
The heating and cooling of unit processes (utilities) are often the most significant energy fraction of a gate-to-gate life-cycle inventory (LCI) for individual chemicals. Electricity usage is typically a smaller factor. An LCI of a manufacturing process for a specific chemical has been used to identify the heating and cooling requirements. This paper demonstrates the sub-modules used to convert these utilities into actual energy-related emissions for use in the LCI of a specific chemical. Assumptions and results of the unit operation inventory data and of the potential life-cycle burdens are clearly stated, to foster the objective of transparency. A user may substitute another energy grid, fuel sources, or efficiencies based on some site-specific data. The sub-modules utilize a design basis for calculating the utility emissions. Results may be used in LCI studies in the chemical, biochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
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