Abstract
The intermittent nature of renewable sources requires the integration of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) with appropriate power and energy densities. One of the applications of Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) is to size ESSs for power and energy densities by employing them as sole actuators of Microgrid (MG) systems. This Article provides a comprehensive yet simplified example of utilization of HSSPFC to size ESSs of inverter-based three-phase MG systems under hierarchical control. Here, the distributed Hamiltonian controller is expanded for control of parallel ESSs and power sharing metrics are defined to distribute power between hybrid storage systems according to their power and energy density capabilities. Simulated hybrid ESSs comprising battery and flywheel systems are used as examples to demonstrate the behaviour of the expanded control, verify the power sharing criteria and illustrate ESS design and specification by utilizing HSSPFC.
Highlights
From a design viewpoint, Energy Storage (ES) technologies need to be carefully chosen so that a suitable bandwidth of operation versus power transients is ensured
Bus fluctuations that have higher frequency contents can generally be attenuated with such capacitors, here such capacitors are down-sized to highlight the behaviour of the control
It can be seen that Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) regulate dc voltages versus the source fluctuations rather than the load which is consistent with the results of the previous example
Summary
Energy Storage (ES) technologies need to be carefully chosen so that a suitable bandwidth of operation versus power transients is ensured. From ES control and design perspectives, while Reference [6,8] provide solutions to obtain Energy Storage System (ESS) requirements, the Device Level Controllers (DLCs) have not yet been specified In other words, it has not yet been shown how the end results interpret into sizing specific storage systems for capacity (energy density) and bandwidth (power density). It will be shown that the corresponding ESS responses of each objective can be defined individually and stacked using superposition to form the overall storage control law Another purpose of this work is to demonstrate the efficacy of the HSSPFC method to control and specify battery and flywheel hybrid storage systems as actuators while maintaining electrical levels of the system.
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