Abstract
Wearable sensors have gained popularity over the years since they offer constant and real-time physiological information about the human body. Wearable sensors have been applied in a variety of ways in clinical settings to monitor health conditions. These technologies require energy sources to carry out their projected functionalities. In this paper, we review the main energy sources used to power wearable sensors. These energy sources include batteries, solar cells, biofuel cells, supercapacitors, thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric and triboelectric generators, and radio frequency (RF) energy harvesters. Additionally, we discuss wireless power transfer and some hybrids of the above technologies. The advantages and drawbacks of each technology are considered along with the system components and attributes that make these devices function effectively. The objective of this review is to inform researchers about the latest developments in this field and present future research opportunities.
Highlights
Over the years, wearable sensors have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to offer constant and real-time physiological information
Wearable sensors dynamically and noninvasively measure biochemical markers found in biological fluids, including sweat, tears and interstitial fluids
There are a number of technologies that can be used to harvest energy, including photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells, thermoelectric generators (TEGs), piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), biofuel cells (BFCs), electromagnetic generators (EMGs) and radio frequency (RF) harvesters
Summary
Wearable sensors have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to offer constant and real-time physiological information. Wearable sensors have various clinical uses and are capable of sensing changes in human physiology, biochemistry and motion, which is required for both diagnostics and treatments in sports applications (Figure 1). These technologies can play a vital role in treating chronic illnesses by realizing continuous drug monitoring, which is a promising technique intended to replace current therapeutic drug monitoring strategies [3]. There are a number of technologies that can be used to harvest energy, including photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells, thermoelectric generators (TEGs), piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), biofuel cells (BFCs), electromagnetic generators (EMGs) and radio frequency (RF) harvesters.
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