Abstract
According to the energy policy, which encourages local consumption of photovoltaic (PV) energy, the energy sharing among neighboring PV prosumers is proved to be a more effective way compared with independent operations of each prosumer. In this paper, an energy storage (ES)-equipped energy-sharing provider (ESP) is proposed to facilitate the energy sharing of multiple PV prosumers. With the help of the ESP, the autonomous PV prosumers can be formed as an energy-sharing network, and the energy-sharing activities can be categorized as direct sharing and buffered sharing. First, with the assistance of the ES, a day-ahead scheduling model of the ESP is built to increase the operation profit and improve the net power profile of the energy-sharing network, which considers the uncertainty of PV energy, electricity prices, and prosumers’ load via stochastic programming. Moreover, to further increase the energy sharing, a real-time demand response model based on a Stackelberg game is presented to coordinate the energy consumption behavior of prosumers by using internal prices. Finally, through a practical case study, the effectiveness of the method is verified in terms of improving the economic benefits and PV energy sharing.
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