Abstract
The analysis presented in this paper focuses on the energetic aspects of the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems in office buildings. Energy generation from PV system has been simulated on an hourly time scale and compared with the energy demand of two office buildings located in Krakow (southern Poland). The buildings’ annual load exceeded 1 GWh in both cases. The analysis dealt with estimating how much energy generated by a PV system can be utilized on-site (self-consumption) and how big the energy surpluses will be (energy generation greater than demand). Capacities of PV systems ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 MW have been considered. Also, the impact of PV generation on the residual load parameters and changes in the maximal monthly and hourly energy demand were investigated. The results show that although the building energy demand is similar (in terms of annual volume of energy consumed) the potential of PV systems to cover it is different. The 100-kW PV system can reduce the observed hourly peak energy demand by 1% in December but by over 30% in June (respectively, from 171 kWh to 169 kWh, and from 333 kWh to 255 kWh). Considering the annual patterns of the office buildings’ energy demand and PV generation (both have their respective peaks in summer), the application of a PV system changes the office building energy demand pattern significantly from the perspective of the power system operator. After installing 500 kW PV in an office building consuming 1 GWh annually, the months with highest demand are no longer in summer but in winter.
Highlights
Power systems across the globe are undergoing dramatic transformation in the search for the ultimate goal of sustainability and minimal environment impact [1]
The first part of the analysis focuses on self-consumption and residual load. The former is defined as the ratio of energy generated by a given energy source (PV) to the volume of that energy utilized by the energy consumer
If the energy generation is greater than the energy demand, an energy surplus will occur
Summary
Power systems across the globe are undergoing dramatic transformation in the search for the ultimate goal of sustainability and minimal environment impact [1]. The changes being seen constitute an increasing share of renewable energy sources in individual countries’ energy mixes. A paper by Dabek and Jurasz [3] indicates that a city of close to 300 km has a potential to install PV systems on a roof area exceeding 11 km (which translates to exactly 1.1 GW of PV capacity if 10 m2 are required per 1 kW of capacity)
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