Energy security and the US–China dyad: is sustained energy cooperation possible?

Abstract

As two of the world’s largest energy consumers, the United States and China regularly consult on energy matters and, at times, exchange information on innovations and best practices within the field. These habits extend back to the early 1970s when the two countries initiated diplomatic exchanges following President Richard Nixon’s historic visit to China in February 1972. Since that time, energy has been viewed as a relatively ‘safe’ and non-controversial topic that has enhanced bilateral relations and mutual confidence. Simultaneously, however, China and Chinese state-sponsored energy firms have aggressively moved into energy markets around the world in search of energy resources which are designed to satisfy China’s growing energy demands. US officials have, on certain occasions, reacted with some degree of unease or alarm regarding these activities and are fearful that such commercial relationships might enhance Chinese political influence or geopolitical standing in certain regions, such as the Middle East, where the US has traditionally enjoyed hegemonic pre-eminence. Regarding future prospects of Sino-American energy cooperation, there are both positive and negative factors. On the whole, however, this article argues that despite some compelling negative indicators – such as a growing military competition dynamic emerging between the two countries – energy cooperation will likely continue into the future.