Abstract
Self-powered nanodevices scavenging mechanical energy require piezoelectric nanostructures with high piezoelectric coefficients. Here we report the fabrication of a single-crystal (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 − xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) nanobelt with a superior piezoelectric constant (d33 = ~550 pm/V), which is approximately ~150%, 430%, and 2100% of the largest reported values for previous PMN-PT, PZT and ZnO nanostructures, respectively. The high d33 of the single-crystalline PMN-PT nanobelt results from the precise orientation control during its fabrication. As a demonstration of its application in energy scavenging, a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) is built on the single PMN-PT nanobelt, generating a maximum output voltage of ~1.2 V. This value is ~4 times higher than that of a single-CdTe PNG, ~13 times higher than that of a single-ZnSnO3 PNG, and ~26 times higher than that of a single-ZnO PNG. The profoundly increased output voltage of a lateral PNG built on a single PMN-PT nanobelt demonstrates the potential application of PMN-PT nanostructures in energy harvesting, thus enriching the material choices for PNGs.
Highlights
Assembling, the nanobelt’s orientation is carefully controlled
For readers to clearly understand the crystal orientations within PMN-PT crystal lattice, the crystal directions are schematically illustrated in Fig. 1a in both rhombohedral coordinate system and cubic coordinate system
A top-down method has been adopted to successfully fabricate single-crystal PMN-PT nanobelt with precisely-controlled crystal orientation and dimensions
Summary
Assembling, the nanobelt’s orientation is carefully controlled. The output voltage of the single-PMN-PT- nanobelt PNG reaches 1.2 V, which is ~4 times higher than that of a single-CdTe PNG12, ~13 times higher than that of a single-ZnSnO3 PNG11, and ~26 times higher than that of a single-ZnO PNG9,10. The study shows the first PMN-PT nanobelt readily available for piezoelectric energy harvesting with a high piezoelectric coefficient, due to the precise control over the orientation during fabrication, transportation and device assembling processes. The lateral PNG based on a single PMN-PT nanostructure generates a profoundly increased output voltage, expanding the material choices and practical applications of such PNGs in wearable/portable devices and flexible self-powered electronic devices
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