Energy saving in smart homes based on consumer behaviour data

Abstract

This paper discusses how energy can be saved in smart homes without lowering the comfort of the inhabitants, based on consumer behaviour data only. A recommender system was designed, that suggests actions for inhabitants without the necessity for installing additional devices, executing manual configuration or having any other interaction with the system. As a consequence of the devastating earthquake and the resulting nuclear disaster that struck Fukushima in March 2011, concerned members of the public and the government agreed on a major reconsideration of the energy policy. However, such a radical rethinking can only be achieved if private households increase their efforts to save energy. Nevertheless, most research approaches conducted in smart homes in the past years, dealt with convenience rather than with sustainability. The aim of this master thesis is to find a way to save energy without causing significant inconveniences for the consumer. Therefore, the following hypothesis was formulated: “It is possible to design a recommender system that can suggest actions in smart homes based on consumer behaviour, which will lower energy usage but not decrease comfort levels”. The approach followed in this paper, is to mine frequent (and/or periodic) patterns in the event data of the inhabitants electricity usages, recorded by a smart home automation system. These patterns are converted into association rules, prioritized and compared with the current behaviour of the inhabitants. If the system detects opportunities to save energy without decreasing the comfort level, it will send a recommendation to the residents. Because the most appropriate research design to prove this hypothesis is design science research, the project follows the methodology to design and implement a functional prototype of a recommender system. At the end of the project, the prototype is evaluated in smart homes under real conditions. The main findings of the project and the concluding field-test of the prototype were:  The project succeeded in identifying possible actions, which can be recommended in smart homes to lower energy usage in smart homes.  Investigations showed how patterns in the behaviour data of the inhabitants can be used to trigger these actions at the right moment, to not lower comfort levels for the inhabitants.  A design has evolved for a recommender system that uses association rules and deterministic finite state machines.  It was identified, that the confidence and the length of a pattern are significant measures to predict if a suggestion does lower comfort or not. Overall, it can be said that this master thesis could verify part of its statement: The prototype demonstrated that it is possible to suggest actions that lower energy usage, but do not decrease comfort levels, while using consumer behaviour data as single source. However, besides the useful recommendations, the system did still recommend actions that did not just lower energy usage, but also the comfort level of the inhabitants. The ratio of useful recommendations, which reached little over 11% during the final test of the prototype, must be increased before broader adaption of the system is possible. Nevertheless, the proof of concept provided by the prototype is the first important step for further research in this field. ADKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author of this paper would like to acknowledge and thank the following persons for their valuable insights and contributions to this project. Without them, it would not have been possible to bring this project to a successful conclusion. Supervisors from FHNW:  Prof. Dr. Holger Wache  Prof. Dr. Hans Friedrich Witschel Contacts from Aizo:  Miguel Rodriguez from Aizo  Danilo Zanatta from Aizo  Andrea Helfenstein from Aizo Everybody who contributed to the evaluation of the system:  Carla Janzen  Christian Hitz  Christoph Hofmann  Erik Van Dort  Irmy Hofmann  Jerome Zuercher  Paul Buchmeier  Samuele Di Lernia  Volker Deckers DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY I the undersigned declare that all material presented in this paper is my own work or fully and specifically acknowledged wherever adapted from other sources. I understand that if at any time it is shown that I have significantly misrepresented material presented here, any degree or credits awarded to me based on that material may be revoked. I declare that all statements and information contained herein are true, correct and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Name: Michael Zehnder Date: January 31, 2015