Abstract
The influence of modern heat insulation materials on the ecological compatibility and fire resistance of residential and public buildings is considered. The nomenclature of fibrous heat insulation materials from basic rocks of volcanic origin is described. For basalt super thin fibers (BSTF), the production technology is described. The factors negatively influencing the engineering-and-economical performance of the duplex technology of production of the BSTF are analyzed. The engineering-and-economical performance of innovative enterprises for the production of basalt heat insulation and measures for its use in construction are given.
Highlights
Contemporary trends in construction are such that the requirements to heat consumption for residential and public buildings are getting tougher from year to year ref. [1]
It should be borne in mind that the internal space of the heat insulation layer is 95% -99% composed of air, and the rest composed of the fibers, that is, in the volume of the heat insulation layer, oxygen is constantly present in an amount sufficient to burn the synthetic binder and poison people with gases
In our opinion regulatory measures are needed from the state aimed at the fact that technical solutions for heat insulation of facilities should not cause a decrease in their fire resistance, at least if it concerns residential or other facilities with people staying
Summary
Contemporary trends in construction are such that the requirements to heat consumption for residential and public buildings are getting tougher from year to year ref. [1]. Today in Ukraine, most of the buildings in which there are heating systems do not meet the modern requirements for heat-retaining properties This situation has developed historically, because for long-time prices for fuel and energy resources have been artificially understated in comparison with the world prices ref. It was made from such panels that the external walling constructions of the four buildings of the Department of heat and mass transfer processes and equipment of the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, built in the 70’s of last century Regulatory requirements for heat-retaining properties of buildings have been significantly increased (Table 1) In these conditions, existing buildings are thermo-modernized (external surfaces are insulated), and in the new construction, the insulation layers are foreseen at the design stage. These processes are of a spontaneous nature and are accompanied by a significant reduction in environmental friendliness and, worse, the fire safety of structures
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