Abstract
In this work, the electromechanical system of the 8000-series of Athens trolleybuses, based on data provided by OSY S.A., is analyzed. Those data were used to develop a valid model in order to estimate the total energy consumption of the vehicle under any possible operating conditions. In addition, an effort is made to estimate the energy saving potential if the wasted energy—in the form of heat—during braking or downhill courses is recovered (regenerative braking) and retrofitted during normal operation. This process requires the installation of appropriate electrical apparatus to recover and temporarily store this energy amount. Moreover, due to the fact that the main engine of the system is an asynchronous electric machine, its driving scheme is also of interest. This study assumes the current driving scheme, that is the direct vector control (DVC), and proposes an alternative control method, the direct torque control (DTC). Energy consumption/saving calculations highlight the effectiveness of incorporating regenerative braking infrastructure in trolleybuses transportation systems. Finally, a sustainable hybrid energy storage unit that supports regenerative braking is proposed.
Highlights
Athens trolleybuses are a widespread electric vehicle for mass transportation in Greece
The main traction motor of the 8000-series single trolleybuses under study is an asynchronous machine of 210 kW rated power; from the perspective of limiting the trolleybus electric energy consumption, the focus is on investigating the regenerative energy saving potential and the efficiency of the machine driving scheme [1]
The total energy consumption, as well as the amount of energy consumed on the dynamic braking resistance are estimated under various operating conditions
Summary
Athens trolleybuses are a widespread electric vehicle for mass transportation in Greece. Scheme ofBoth the trolleybus methods rely on the model ofcontrol the machine, though theyisimplement different logic asynchronous machine, thedynamic direct torque (DTC), which widely used for control the dynamic control [14] These driving schemes are applied to the electric trolleybuses of interest in order to highlight of electric alternating current (AC) machines [12,13], is considered. Trolleybus; the results lead to an analytical functional model of the energy consumption estimation, In the present study, an appropriate behavioral model of the trolleybus electromechanical system as well as of the regenerative energy recovery potential; energy consumption/saving calculations are is developed, machine driving scheme. It is noted that the current work focuses on the 8000-series of single trolleybuses owned by
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