Energy Resolution and Temperature Dependence of Ce:GAGG Coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers

Abstract

Scintillators are a critical component of sensor systems for the detection of ionizing radiation. Such systems have a diverse portfolio of applications from medical imaging, well logging in oil exploration, and detection systems for the prevention of the illicit movement of nuclear materials. The rare earth element cerium is an ideal dopant for a variety of host scintillating materials due to the fast $5{{\rm d}_1} \rightarrow {4} {\rm f}$ radiative transition of ${{\rm Ce}^{3 + }}$ . Cerium-doped gadolinium aluminium gallium garnet (Ce:GAGG) is a relatively new single crystal scintillator with several interesting properties. These include high light yield, an emission peak well-matched to silicon sensors, and low intrinsic energy resolution. Moreover, the material has high density and is nonhygroscopic. In this paper, we review the properties of cerium-doped GAGG and report energy-resolution (ER) measurements over the temperature range $- {\hbox {10}}^\circ\text{C}$ to $+ {\hbox {50}}^\circ \text{C}$ for ${\hbox \times {\hbox \times {\hbox {30}} \hbox{mm}^{3}$ Ce:GAGG crystals optically coupled to a silicon photomultipler (SiPM) sensor with a ${\hbox {3}} \hbox{mm} \times {\hbox {3}} \hbox{mm}$ active area. In addition, the linearity of the scintillator-SiPM response as a function of gamma energy is reported.