Abstract
Oogenesis is a lengthy, multi-step process occurring in mammals yielding single or multiple oocytes capable of being fertilized upon interaction with male gametes. The overall process is highly complex in nature, starting in the primordial follicles, and its ultimate completion is preceded by the meiotic cycle. There are two major phases in oogenesis: the growth phase, followed by a maturation phase that requires relatively less time. Both phases require energy for the various metabolic processes of the oocytes. The energy requirements and the timing of maturation vary significantly among mammalian species. This review describes the variations in the mammalian oocytes development and their energy requirements. It covers the types of mitochondria, the distribution of their changes, and the metabolic processes occurring during the oogenesis in different mammalian species. Oocyte abnormalities associated with glucose deficiency in mammals are discussed, along with the role of fat and protein as alternative energy substrates. The review concludes with recommendations for future studies on oogenesis in mammalian species in the context of energy requirements.
Highlights
Cereals and their derivatives which are economically important in Algeria are the main source of protein in many developing countries
This work shows that the application of the essential oil on the pupae, once they are exuviated, extends their pupal development time compared to the control group
Effect of the essential oil administered by inhalation on the preoviposition period
Summary
Cereals and their derivatives which are economically important in Algeria are the main source of protein in many developing countries. Numerous studies are currently being developed to isolate plants from secondary substances with insecticidal activity whether repellent or antifeedant visa-vis insects. Their identification is done by chromatography or mass spectroscopy [7]. Essential oils extracted from plants are used in Algerian folk medicine for their biological activities: antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, and insecticidal activities [8, 9, 10, 11] They are considered as a real bank of chemical molecules represented by the allelochemical substances that they contain [12, 13]. In 2012, the work of Ayvaz et al [17] estimated the insecticidal activity of essential oils of different plants against three insects of the stored products. Artemisia herba alba was tested on E. kuehniella adults, this oil features an insecticidal activity and induce in females insects a very significant reduction of the rate of egg laying and hatching laid by treated females [19]
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