Abstract
Background Energy requirements must be estimated before nutritional care can be provided for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, the recommended caloric intake for patients has not been conclusively determined because of insufficiently large sample sizes. Method This cross-sectional observational study recruited patients undergoing long-term HD from multiple centers as well as people in the general population without chronic kidney disease. People from both groups were matched by sex and age. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was estimated using an indirect calorimeter. Two commonly used equations for estimating REE and daily energy requirement recommended by the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) were chosen. Results This study had 154 HD patients and 33 matched HD–control group pairs. Age (r = −0.36, p < 0.01) and dry body weight after dialysis (r = −0.36, p < 0.01) and dry body weight after dialysis (Conclusions Age and dry body weight are the main factors affecting the energy expenditure of HD patients. Furthermore, predicting the energy expenditure of HD patients by measuring the energy expenditure of their sedentary counterparts in the general population with the same sex, age range, and weight may yield better results than using traditional equations for predicting TEE. In East Asian populations, the TEE values were 32 and 30 kcal/kg dry weight for those aged <65 and ≥65 years, respectively. Future prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Highlights
According to annual 2016 statistics from the United States Renal Data System, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has increased [1]
Inadequate caloric intake is a key cause of protein–energy wasting [3], which can increase the mortality of HD patients [4]
Study samples have included approximately 100 patients [6] and few patients of Asian descent [7]. e three countries with the highest ESRD prevalence are in Asia, with Taiwan being the highest and having the greatest number of HD patients
Summary
According to annual 2016 statistics from the United States Renal Data System, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has increased [1]. Is cross-sectional observational study recruited patients undergoing long-term HD from multiple centers as well as people in the general population without chronic kidney disease. People from both groups were matched by sex and age. Two commonly used equations for estimating REE and daily energy requirement recommended by the National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) were chosen. Predicting the energy expenditure of HD patients by measuring the energy expenditure of their sedentary counterparts in the general population with the same sex, age range, and weight may yield better results than using traditional equations for predicting TEE. Future prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes are needed
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