Abstract
In Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANET), power conservation and utilization is an acute problem and has received significant attention from academics and industry in recent years. Nodes in MANET function on battery power, which is a rare and limited energy resource. Hence, its conservation and utilization should be done judiciously for the effective functioning of the network. In this paper, a novel protocol namely Energy Reduction Multipath Routing Protocol for MANET using Recoil Technique (AOMDV-ER) is proposed, which conserves the energy along with optimal network lifetime, routing overhead, packet delivery ratio and throughput. It performs better than any other AODV based algorithms, as in AOMDV-ER the nodes transmit packets to their destination smartly by using a varying recoil off time technique based on their geographical location. This concept reduces the number of transmissions, which results in the improvement of network lifetime. In addition, the local level route maintenance reduces the additional routing overhead. Lastly, the prediction based link lifetime of each node is estimated which helps in reducing the packet loss in the network. This protocol has three subparts: an optimal route discovery algorithm amalgamation with the residual energy and distance mechanism; a coordinated recoiled nodes algorithm which eliminates the number of transmissions in order to reduces the data redundancy, traffic redundant, routing overhead, end to end delay and enhance the network lifetime; and a last link reckoning and route maintenance algorithm to improve the packet delivery ratio and link stability in the network. The experimental results show that the AOMDV-ER protocol save at least 16% energy consumption, 12% reduction in routing overhead, significant achievement in network lifetime and packet delivery ratio than Ad hoc on demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (AOMDV), Ad hoc on demand multipath distance vector routing protocol life maximization (AOMR-LM) and Source routing-based multicast protocol (SRMP) algorithms. Hence, the AOMDV-ER algorithm performs better than these recently developed algorithms.
Highlights
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is infrastructureless wireless type network in which the packet transmission from one node to another takes place without any access point
There are few main differences, namely; (i) the hopcount is replaced by advertised hopcount in AOMDV & AOMDV-ER; (ii) the nxthop is replaced by route list, where AOMDV & AOMDV-ER keep the nxthop along with the corresponding number of hops in the route and they utilizes multiple path to the destination; (iii) AOMDV-ER has residual energy, threshold energy in order to select the Max-Min path in the network (Figure 2a,b); (iv) to estimate the link strength receive signal strength and difference between received signal strength (RSS) values are kept; and (v) recoiled off time is necessary to limit the number of transmissions
The energy consumed by the protocol, the summation of energy consumption in performing route discovery (RD) and energy consumed in routing maintenance (RM), that is, the cost paid in the RD and RM processes, can be illustrated using Equation (18)
Summary
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is infrastructureless wireless type network in which the packet transmission from one node to another takes place without any access point. There are certain issues in multipath routing protocols, one of them is energy consumption in the discovery of an optimal path, rediscovery of path when link failure encounters and retransmission of packets if required. As in paper [1], many energy-aware packet forwarding routing protocol have been developed based on the criteria of link cost, link error, residual energy. In the proposed AOMDV-ER protocol the foremost objectives are reduce the power consumption of route discovery, retransmission overhead and transmission failure (due to link failure). All these three issues conserve the battery power for subsequent fruitful transmission of packets, which leads to a better network lifetime.
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