Abstract
Aim: The research aimed at carrying out a global comparative synthesis of the results of monitoring thermal energy behavior of single-family dwellings and apartments located in the city of Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina; and describing an architectural proposal that considers use of resources (land, morphology, materials and energy), lifestyle of inhabitants (qualitative variables) and critical analysis of the historical problems of the housing deficit in Argentina. Methods: The work includes a typological analysis of clusters of dimensional, morphological and thermo-physical indicators, energy performance and inhabitant’s behavior. Regarding energy heating consumption, multifamily buildings consume 52% less energy than the average single-family dwellings. Results: An architectural proposal taken into account the use of resources and energy efficiency strategies to give an answer to the housing deficit of the area under study showed that the densification of housing provides significant energy and economic benefits, especially if one incorporates passive solar design principles. Apartment blocks (B) and single-family dwellings (H) show 114.3 and 47.6 dwelling/hectare, and as a result, 39.4 and 16.4 inhabitant/hectare. Conclusion: Heating energy saving of B in relation to H is around 32% and the envelope’s cost is reduced to 47%. Argentina’s energy scenario, the possibility of reviewing regulations and building codes, the region’s growth trend in housing construction, the process of building labelling, among others, require a thorough analysis of the information on characteristics of building stock and its energy performance.
Highlights
Buildings provide a living and working environment to human beings. 80% of people's lives takes place inside buildings, special attention should be given to both the quality of indoor environments during the design phase and the evaluation of their energy-environmental performance [1]
An architectural proposal taken into account the use of resources and energy efficiency strategies to give an answer to the housing deficit of the area under study showed that the densification of housing provides significant energy and economic benefits, especially if one incorporates passive solar design principles
Regarding the energy situation in Argentina, the Argentinean Ministry of Energy and Mining [6] asserts that Natural Gas (NG) is the main component of the national energy matrix, with the contribution of more than 50% of the country's primary energy; about 27% of the gas is distributed to residential users through networks
Summary
Buildings provide a living and working environment to human beings. 80% of people's lives takes place inside buildings, special attention should be given to both the quality of indoor environments during the design phase and the evaluation of their energy-environmental performance [1]. When comparing specific residential consumption, both electric and NG consumption, at the Argentinean level, the specific consumption of NG by networks is a factor 4 greater than the average residential electrical consumption Both could be reduced through bioclimatic architectural designs. The in force 2010 census statistics [8] showed that 16.8% of the residents live in apartments and 78.9% in houses with a rate of 3.3 people per dwelling, only 61.6% of the total dwelling in Argentina is habitable, 34.2% needs repair and/or improve basics habitability conditions. In the city of Santa Rosa, the capital of the province, the residential electricity consumption represents 87.2% of the total delivered and, according to [9, 10] the energy consumed per user increased by 17% during 2008-2017(2008 = 2134 kWh/user and 2017 = 2576 kWh/user). Regarding the state of conservation of housing, only 22.1% needs repair and 0.6% rebuilding
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