Abstract
The growth of both plastic consumption and prosumer 3-D printing are driving an interest in producing 3-D printer filaments from waste plastic. This study quantifies the embodied energy of a vertical DC solar photovoltaic (PV) powered recyclebot based on life cycle energy analysis and compares it to horizontal AC recyclebots, conventional recycling, and the production of a virgin 3-D printer filament. The energy payback time (EPBT) is calculated using the embodied energy of the materials making up the recyclebot itself and is found to be about five days for the extrusion of a poly lactic acid (PLA) filament or 2.5 days for the extrusion of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament. A mono-crystalline silicon solar PV system is about 2.6 years alone. However, this can be reduced by over 96% if the solar PV system powers the recyclebot to produce a PLA filament from waste plastic (EPBT is only 0.10 year or about a month). Likewise, if an ABS filament is produced from a recyclebot powered by the solar PV system, the energy saved is 90.6–99.9 MJ/kg and 26.33–29.43 kg of the ABS filament needs to be produced in about half a month for the system to pay for itself. The results clearly show that the solar PV system powered recyclebot is already an excellent way to save energy for sustainable development.
Highlights
Global plastic production is growing by 3.86% per year and is expected to increase to 850 million tons per year by 2050 [1,2]
Hours per day, the energy payback time can be obtained in only five days based on a poly lactic acid (PLA) filament or filament or about 2.5 days based on an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament
This study presented the embodied energy of a direct current (DC) vertical recyclebot powered with a mono-crystalline solar PV-battery system, and calculated the energy payback time of the recyclebot and the whole system
Summary
Global plastic production is growing by 3.86% per year and is expected to increase to 850 million tons per year by 2050 [1,2]. This growth aggravates the challenges of waste plastics disposal, especially in remote areas [3]. The conventional recycling method is to collect and transport waste plastic to a collection center and reclamation facility for separation and recycling [11] This method usually consumes large amounts of energy for transportation [12], and needs considerable labor to separate the waste plastics [13]. This labor is provided by waste pickers, which collect post-consumer plastic in landfills [14]
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