Abstract
This paper utilises a two-stage demand response-enabled energy management algorithm for a typical Turkish self-sufficient living space. The proposed energy management model provides an additional gain in line with the goal of self-sufficiency by scheduling flexible loads and energy storage systems at home according to a static time of use tariff. The impact of load scheduling and battery optimisation were evaluated in the scope of self-sufficiency, economic gain and return on investment performances. According to the results, the proposed two-stage structure provided a net saving increase of 9.5% in the one-battery scenario, and it rises to 14% in the design with three batteries. On the other hand, when we inspect the energy management scenarios with the return on investment (ROI) calculations, we see that the single battery system has a higher ROI than the two or three battery systems due to the increased battery cost. Moreover, the ROI value, 13.9% without optimisation, increased to 15.3% in the proposed Home Energy Management System (HEMS) model. As can be seen from this calculation, intelligent management of batteries and flexible loads provided a 10% increase in ROI value.
Highlights
Renewable energy transactions have gained significant momentum with climate change concerns and increasing demand for electricity
Energy production generally tends towards decentralised renewable energy sources (RES) from centralised, fossil fuel-based generation plants
The large share of intermittent and less predictable renewable sources leads to significant technical challenges
Summary
Renewable energy transactions have gained significant momentum with climate change concerns and increasing demand for electricity. In this process, energy production generally tends towards decentralised renewable energy sources (RES) from centralised, fossil fuel-based generation plants. It is clear that distributed and local energy communities will become more widespread in the future [3]. The large share of intermittent and less predictable renewable sources leads to significant technical challenges. Since generation capacities directly depend on weather conditions, sudden fluctuations in generation affect the stability and power quality of the grid and make supply-demand management more challenging [4,5]
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