Abstract
The synchronization of time between devices is one of the more important and challenging problems in wireless networks. We discuss the problem of maximization of the probability of receiving a message from a device using a limited listening time window to minimize energy utilization. We propose a solution to two important problems in wireless networks of battery-powered devices: a method of establishing a connection with a device that has been disconnected from the system for a long time and developed unknown skew and also two approaches to follow-up clock synchronization using the confidence interval method. We start with the analysis of measurements of clock skew. The algorithms are evaluated using extensive simulations and we discuss the selection of parameters balancing between minimizing the energy utilization and maximizing the probability of reception of the message. We show that the selection of a time window of growing size requires less energy to receive a packet than using the same size of time window repeated multiple times. The shifting of reception windows can further decrease the energy cost if lower packet reception probability is acceptable. We also propose and evaluate an algorithm scaling the reception window size to the interval between the packet transmission.
Highlights
In wireless network systems, the synchronization of device clocks is an important factor, as it allows minimization of the energy use during communication by limiting the amount of time a radio interface operates in listening mode
In this paper we focus on sensor networks where smart devices collect measurements in various smart city systems, such as parking space monitoring, energy, water, gas consumption, etc., communicating using low-power wide area networks (LP WANs)
Regarding the estimation of the clock skew to contact the device disconnected from the network for a long time period, a similar approach has been presented in the paper [29], in which the estimation of the clock skew distribution is based on the normal distribution
Summary
The synchronization of device clocks is an important factor, as it allows minimization of the energy use during communication by limiting the amount of time a radio interface operates in listening mode. It allows synchronizing the data transmitted by different devices. Our propositions solve an existing and important problem of reconnection of the device disconnected from the system for a longer period of time, and increase the efficiency of current methods implementing in the system in case of a follow-up clock synchronization and optimization of a listening window’s size.
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