Energy Management System for Fuel Cell-Battery Vehicles Using Multi objective Online Optimization

Abstract

An Energy Management system for fuel cell/battery vehicles manages and controls the fuel consumption and affects the lifetime of the powertrain system. This paper proposes a new Energy Management System that is based on a multi-objective online optimization technique. The proposed Energy Management System objective is to minimize a cost function that is composed of four terms: actual fuel consumption, two terms representing the stresses on the lifetimes of the powertrain system components (the fuel cell and the battery), and a fourth term representing a penalty on the deviation from a desired SOC of the battery. This minimization is performed with no need for prior knowledge of the driving cycle. The proposed Energy Management System couples fuel consumption minimization with a frequency-decoupling-based technique to split the power demand among available power sources to relieve the stresses on those sources. The proposed Energy Management System shows flexibility to address multiple objectives and can simply be deployed as a real-time strategy. An analytical derivation is given, and simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. A comparison is performed between the proposed Energy Management System and a Dynamic-Programming-based Energy Management System. The comparison shows that the proposed Energy Management System achieves a near-optimal solution without the need for prior knowledge of the driving cycle.