Abstract
Construction machines are heavy-duty equipment and a major contributor to the environmental pollution. By using only electric motors instead of an internal combustion engine, the problems of low engine efficiency and air pollution can be solved. This paper proposed a novel energy management strategy for a PEM fuel cell excavator with a supercapacitor/battery hybrid power source. The fuel cell is the main power supply for most of the excavator workload while the battery/supercapacitor is the energy storage device, which supplies additional required power and recovers energy. The whole system model was built in a co-simulation environment, which is a combination of MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim software, where the fuel cell, battery, supercapacitor model, and the energy management algorithm were developed in a Simulink environment while the excavator model was designed in an AMESim environment. In this work, the energy management strategy was designed to concurrently account for power supply performance from the hybrid power sources as well as from fuel cells, and battery lifespan. The control design was proposed to distribute the power demand optimally from the excavator to the hybrid power sources in different working conditions. The simulation results were presented to demonstrate the good performance of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy was validated. Compared with the conventional strategies where the task requirements cannot be achieved or system stability cannot be accomplished, the proposed algorithms perfectly satisfied the working conditions.
Highlights
Nowadays, environmental pollution issues have become more serious and have caused bad effects on humans
Since energy management is at a higher layer than local control and and different layers should be treated by different operating frequencies, it is supposed that the time different layers should be treated by different operating frequencies, it is supposed that the time constant of the inductor is much greater than the switching period of the DC-DC converter and the constant of the inductor is much greater than the switching period of the DC-DC converter and the modulation frequency is sufficiently high to consider an average model [41]
To fully evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy presented in Section 3.2, the performance of hybrid power power source source (HPS) supply to the HE was verified by the simulation method
Summary
Environmental pollution issues have become more serious and have caused bad effects on humans. Li et al investigated a combination of the FC and the SC as the hybrid power source for an excavator [13] Both the SC and the BAT are devices to store and release energy and to supply other devices. Some previous studies have investigated the fuel cell/BAT/SC hybrid power source configuration for electric vehicles (EVs) (i.e., cars) [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Motivated by the above expressions, this paper proposes a novel energy management strategy for the hybrid PEMFC/BAT/SC hydraulics excavator (PEMFC-HE). The proposed energy management method was developed on the basis of an improved rules-based energy management strategy, which increases the efficiency of fuel cell systems and extends the life of hybrid power.
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