Abstract
Having neither precise definition nor a commonly accepted scope, the term “MicroGrid” tends to be used differently across researchers and practitioners alike. The management of energy usage within a microgrid is one of the topics that was handled from numerous perspectives. This study presents systematic literature review (SLR) of research on architectures and energy management techniques for microgrids, providing an aggregated up-to-date catalogue of solutions suggested by the scientific community. The SLR incorporated 45 papers selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and defined a priori. The selection process was based on an automated search and covered three known digital libraries. The extraction process covers three main questions. (i) The architectures of microgrids including their components, their bus configuration, and the adopted utility grid policy. (ii) The employed methods to ensure an optimal usage of energy under uncertainty. (iii) The confronted challenges and constraints of the suggested strategies. The findings of this SLR indicate a great diversity of methods and a rich background. Finally, the SLR suggests that future research should take into account the uncertainty aspect relating to energy management rather than the direct use of historical data as it is commonly done in most research papers. A sensitivity analysis should be provided in the latter case.
Highlights
Managing the energy usage in μ grids has a vast impact in energy efficiency and sustainability research. is systematic literature review (SLR) proposes an overlook on different EM strategies suggested by researchers for green μ grid systems
It starts by summarizing the different architectures proposed in the literature. is includes the components that compose a μ grid, the different operation modes, and a brief discussion on the energy exchange policy with the main grid network. en, the review proceeds to presenting the various methods, algorithms, and tools that help perform EM and concludes with pointing out objectives and faced constraints
As a result of this SLR, we propose a methodology for an efficient use of energy in a green μ grid system
Summary
RF, BESS constraints ermal limit violation, voltage stabilization, BESS constraints. Store--cooperate/cooperatethen-store [21] EM Min COE, max reliability BESS and generation constraints. The authors in [13, 26, 34] performed a combined sizing and energy scheduling strategy. E selected papers that used the shifting technique adopted various classifications, and we cite among others (i) Permanent loads, priority loads, and shiftable loads: permanent loads refer to those that run for long periods of time such as refrigerators. Priority loads are those that are used regularly and can create discomfort in users if shifted/shed (e.g., EWH). E authors in [8] perform a power shifting of HVAC and lighting and shed less priority loads. A classification of loads into interruptible and deferrable loads was performed in [28], where an interruptible load can be shed and a deferrable load can be shifted
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