Abstract
The energy management of virtual power plants faces some fundamental challenges that make it complicated compared to conventional power plants, such as uncertainty in production, consumption, energy price, and availability of network components. Continuous monitoring and scaling of network gain status, using smart grids provides valuable instantaneous information about network conditions such as production, consumption, power lines, and network availability. Therefore, by creating a bidirectional communication between the energy management system and the grid users such as producers or energy applicants, it will afford a suitable platform to develop more efficient vector of the virtual power plant. The paper is treated with optimal sizing of DG units and the price of their electricity sales to achieve security issues and other technical considerations in the system. The ultimate goal in this study to determine the active demand power required to increase system loading capability and to withstand disturbances. The effect of different types of DG units in simulations is considered and then the efficiency of each equipment such as converters, wind turbines, electrolyzers, etc., is achieved to minimize the total operation cost and losses, improve voltage profiles, and address other security issues and reliability. The simulations are done in three cases and compared with HOMER software to validate the ability of proposed model.
Highlights
For the first time, the concept of virtual power plant was presented in 1994, with the aims of distributed energy resources (DERs) observation, providing suitable interface for local components, activation of distributed control strategies, and optimal use of available capacity
A virtual power plant’ (VPP) can be defined as a cluster of dispersed generating units, flexible loads, and storage systems that are grouped in order to operate as a single entity
The VPPs consist of a set of distributed generation (DG) and responsive loads in a microgrid equipped with smart grid technology
Summary
The concept of virtual power plant was presented in 1994, with the aims of distributed energy resources (DERs) observation, providing suitable interface for local components, activation of distributed control strategies, and optimal use of available capacity. The smart grid increases the ability of the energy management system in the fields of overcoming uncertainties, aggregation of renewable sources, load responsiveness, monitoring, and network control [4,5]. In [12], an intelligent house energy management model is presented using integrated integer linear programming (LP) to reduce costs and pollution, which can be used in the real-time planning framework, components of a smart home including smart devices, storage systems, and distributed generations. In [15], a mathematical model of complex integer linear programming is proposed to minimize the cost of smart home power. This home has a controlled and equipped storage and renewable resource. The sizing and siting of VPP components are investigated under different scenarios with reliability evaluation
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