Abstract
The urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has prompted the exploration of cleaner energy options such as renewable energy resources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs). With the increasing use of RES and EVs, there are new opportunities and challenges for the stakeholders involved, and traditional centralized power system management methods are insufficient to handle the complexity. The energy management of photovoltaic (PV)-based parking lots is one of the challenges tackled in recent research. The main obstacle in applying previous research is the elimination of the utility objectives from the energy management models. This paper proposes an energy management framework that enables the integration of PV-based parking lots in a smart grid environment, considering the satisfaction of the utilities as a key player. The proposed framework is modeled using an optimization software package (GAMS), and the results are compared with two different cases to ensure its feasibility and effectiveness. The proposed model succeeded in taking the utilities satisfaction into account by managing the charging and discharging of the EVs.
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