Abstract
The nexus of population growth, constrained access to agricultural land, and enhanced living standards has necessitated the expansion of commercial greenhouses. These controlled environments are vital for shielding produce from unpredictable weather patterns and ensuring the availability of high-quality fresh produce throughout the year. Greenhouses maintain precise control over key parameters such as indoor temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and lighting, which are pivotal for optimal plant growth and product quality. However, the stringent control of these variables often results in substantial energy consumption, posing significant environmental and economic challenges. This research explores optimizing the internal environment of greenhouses while curbing energy usage, thereby mitigating potential environmental impacts. By focusing on grid-connected modes of operation, this study addresses the unique challenges posed by limited access to local energy resources. It explores the integration of microgrids, renewable energy sources, and combined heat and power systems to maintain operational efficacy and sustainability.
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