Energy management modeling for a community-based electric vehicle parking lots in a power distribution grid

Abstract

A large share of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions is related to the transportation systems. These systems can be transformed into the clean transportation ones using the electric vehicles (EVs). Therefore, the power distribution grid (PDG) is required in the future sustainable cities to facilitate the integration of the EVs to these systems. In such systems, the operation problem of the power distribution grid operators (PDGOs) changes in the presence of electric vehicle parking lots (EVPLs). Although the different models are proposed for the operation problem of the PDGOs and parking lot (PL) owners (PLOs), the interaction among the PLOs in also needs new decision-making framework. Therefore, in this paper, an appropriate energy management model for the EVPL community is presented for the operational scheduling of several PLs which they trade energy with each other besides energy exchange with the PDGO to maximize their profits. This model is a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem which is solved by stochastic programming and using a simple additive weighting (SAW) method. The model also compares with two common models consisting of: 1) the PLO only purchases energy from PDGO, and 2) the PLO purchases/sells energy from/to the PDGO. The results show that in the proposed model in this paper the PLOs gain more profit in comparison with the common models. The profit depends on EVs’ uncertainties and several factors that is investigated through the sensitivity analysis.