Abstract
The increased addition of DERs, their intermittent nature, and the high cost of ESSs are the key hurdles for interconnected multi-microgrids to operate economically. It is important to have a system that is simple to adopt, computationally inexpensive, does not share private data. In this paper, an energy management scheme is proposed for multiple interconnected renewable energy resources within the multi-microgrid paradigm. The core objectives aimed at minimizing the operational cost of each microgrid and utilize RER most economically without any load interruptions. The proposed scheme is performed in two steps. In the first step, the load is shifted in accordance with the daily price curve via resource scheduling i.e., charging and discharging of battery storage, day-ahead forecast of RER generation, and respective loads. In the second stage, the cost of energy is further reduced using opportunistic trading with neighboring microgrids in real-time. The mismatch between forecasted generation and load is also adjusted via either energy trading or with efficient scheduling of available power that is stored during off-peak hours. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is applied to a test system consisting of four interconnected microgrids. Results indicate that daily average power imported from the utility grid and peak demand is changed from 103 kW to 162 kW, and from 661 kW to 527 kW, respectively. Likewise, as per comparison, significantly favorable results have been achieved in terms of efficient available resources utilization, market trading, and reduction of the respective bills.
Highlights
Since the generation from RER is smaller than the load in MG1, the Energy storage systems (ESS) charges by importing energy from the utility grid which can be observed during the off-peak hours of Fig. 6
Since the generation from RER is greater than the load in MG3, the ESS charges by utilizing the excess PV power, which can be observed during the off-peak hours of Fig. 10
Buying energy from neighboring MGs that is clean and at a lower cost than the utility grid during peak hours. This helps the utility by increasing the load during the off-peak hours and reducing it during the peak hours
Summary
Power distribution utilities aim to meet three criteria, i.e., provide the right amount of power, at the right time, and in a VOLUME XX, 2021. Energy storage systems (ESS) with various control strategies like low pass filters can be used to smooth out these fluctuations and provide a stable output from WECS [4] In this era of grid modernization, microgrids (MG) play a vital role since they bridge several features that were limited in the traditional grids like self-healing, self-monitoring, adaptive, and intelligence, etc. The RER accompanying storage units within MG are attributed to provide support to the main grid by reducing the load on the utility grid and continue to supply power during peak hours [8]. The supervisory control system implements algorithms of energy management that schedule the charging-discharging of the ESS along with the operating time of flexible loads, which aims at optimization of various objectives [19].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
