Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks inAu+AuCollisions atsNN=200  GeV

A Adare,S P Stoll,E Kinney,C Zhang,T Chujo,A Taranenko,S H Aronson,B Espagnon,A Franz,J Egdemir,A Romana,M L Purschke,S Sawada,H Borel,F Fleuret,L Kochenda,M J Tannenbaum,N Grau,W C Smith,W Xie,M Csanád,R Granier De Cassagnac,M J Kweon,B Azmoun,D Isenhower,A V Kazantsev,W J Park,M Mishra,T K Shea,G J Kunde,T K Hemmick,T Lee,T E Miller,M T Bjorndal,M Mitrovski,C L Woody,W S Emam,Y Nakamiya,D P Morrison,P Chung,N Willis,H Sakata,B Bassalleck,M Holmes,M B Deaton,O Drapier,T Sugitate,S Rembeczki,I J Choi,T Isobe,M Nguyen,C Suire,V Vrba,M C Mccain,V Pantuev,N Saito,M G Hur,R A Soltz,H Tydesjö,S Skutnik,F Gastineau,T Hachiya,E Kim,M Mccumber,M Finger,V Dzhordzhadze,S K Tuli,H Gong,E O’Brien,A Dion,J L Nagle,J Seele,L Isenhower,S Mioduszewski,H Delagrange,M Hohlmann,K Miki,T Sakaguchi,F Ellinghaus,R Hayano,A Bazilevsky,Y Kwon,K S Sim,N Tyurin,T Shohjoh,Y Tanaka,C L Silva,E Haslum,D H Kim,G Roche,R Seto,P Rukoyatkin,V L Rykov,H W Van Hecke,A Al-Jamel,C P Singh,Y Cobigo,J Jin,R Hobbs,I Shein,H Qu,I E Yushmanov,K Ozawa,C Pinkenburg,J L Drachenberg,G S Kyle,V Semenov,Y I Makdisi,D Silvermyr,A K Purwar,M J Leitch,M X Liu,M Gonin,J M Moss,T Horaguchi,I D Ojha,H En’Yo,Z Yasin,B M Johnson,S Esumi,J H Kang,B Love,H.-Å Gustafsson,F Staley,T Dahms,T C Awes,A Durum,J Asai,O Zaudtke,K Reygers,D Yu Peressounko,A Toia,S Butsyk,J T Mitchell,J E Frantz,J P Sullivan,T Kawagishi,I Otterlund,Y Miake,A Milov,V Samsonov,J G Boissevain,G Baksay,Y Riabov,I V Sourikova,A Taketani,E P Hartouni,A Baldisseri,F Matathias,K Imai,G R Young,D D’Enterria,X H Li,M Stepanov,A Malakhov,J Kamin,P J Kroon,B Lenzi,M A L Leite,C R Cleven,M Rosati,V Singh,M Togawa,Y Berdnikov,M Kaneta,F Bauer,A Isupov,T Tabaru,E Stenlund,D Mukhopadhyay,L Aphecetche,D Kawall,W Holzmann,S S Ryu,J S Haggerty,X Li,K F Read,B Komkov,M Naglis,W A Zajc,A Král,M Heffner,X R Wang,T Liška,V Papavassiliou,M Konno,I Younus,H Pereira,R Bennett,S Sakai,V Baublis,J Sziklai,D Bucher,Y Nagata,A D Frawley,Y Fukao,A Yanovich,S Gadrat,K Boyle,P Mikeš,A Litvinenko,Y V Efremenko,S Chernichenko,G Bunce,H Valle,S Kelly,Y Goto,T L Thomas,M K Lee,V Cianciolo,K S Joo,K Haruna,Y Akiba,A Churyn,J Chiba,Y Le Bornec,K O Eyser,S Leckey,M Inaba,L Baksay,D J Kim,M Slunečka,W E Sondheim,K Kurita,K Dehmelt,K Das,P Constantin,K Shigaki,C Silvestre,Y Tsuchimoto,J M Burward-Hoy,J Velkovska,S Afanasiev,R Pak,V Bumazhnov,K Nakano,K Hasuko,B Sahlmueller,J G Lajoie,E Kistenev,M Oka,J Nystrand,T Hester,A Morreale,E T Atomssa,A Rakotozafindrabe,M Harvey,D Sharma,M P Comets,F Kajihara,P W Stankus,K Homma,X He,V Babintsev,O Jinnouchi,J Zimányi,K Tanida,O O Omiwade,A Ster,M D Malik,D Jouan,Z Fraenkel,R S Towell,N Kamihara,H Okada,M Donadelli,A Hadj Henni,D Walker,K N Barish,H Pei,S F Pate,J Park,E Vznuzdaev,J C Hill,M Ishihara,A Shevel,Y Mao,D Hornback,M Grosse Perdekamp,P L Mcgaughey,C Haegemann,A Glenn,A K Dubey,S Kametani,L Mašek,H Lim,P Tarján,R Averbeck,L Tomášek,D Kotchetkov,A Kiyomichi,I Ravinovich,J M Heuser,N N Ajitanand,J Tojo,G C Mishra,D Lynch,S Campbell,R Lacey,A Enokizono,T Fusayasu,G David,I Tserruya,H Buesching,H Hamagaki,P Rosnet,R Han,T Nakamura,E M Takagui,R Seidl,J Kubart,J Murata,M Germain,Y Watanabe,A Soldatov,H Al-Bataineh,S Bathe,S Nagamiya,A A Bickley,Y Yamaguchi,M Reuter,S Zhou,M Virius,B Hong,S Takagi,T Gunji,A Kravitz,I Nakagawa,S Yokkaichi,V Riabov,J Alexander,O Dietzsch,S Batsouli,J Ying,M L Brooks,I Garishvili,A Khanzadeev,A Deshpande,N Kurihara,H Masui,A Drees,D M Lee,L Zolin,H Hiejima,C Vale,Y Inoue,D Pal,J Rak,K Fujiwara,A Lebedev,M Issah,D S Brown,K Shoji,T Ichihara,B Forestier,V Peresedov,M Shimomura,H Torii,J Jia,M Ouchida,J Newby,T V Moukhanova,A Denisov,C A Ogilvie,A Kozlov,K Okada,D Winter,M Chiu,E J Desmond,P D Barnes,V Kochetkov,M Wysocki,R P Pisani,H Kano,D E Fields,T Csörgõ ,А Виноградов ,Christian Klein-Boesing ,C A Aidala ,S Y Fung ,Hideaki Kano ,С Беликов ,J P Wessels ,B Jacak ,A M Sickles ,S Fokin ,Yue Shi Lai ,A Nyanin ,S Oda ,Hiroyuki Harada ,J L Charvet ,C Y ,Kazuo Aoki ,B Chang ,H Sato ,Susumu Sato ,V N Tram ,C Maguire ,V Manko ,H Ohnìshì ,J S Chai ,S S.e Rosendahl ,Kazuhiro Tanaka ,Jun Kikuchi ,R Arméndariz ,Á Kiss ,Y S Kim ,Mathias Wagner ,T A Shibata ,S Greene ,R Vértesi ,A P.t Palounek ,J L Klay ,S White ,Masayuki Hagiwara ,B Cole ,J Gösset ,B Norman ,S P Sørensen ,J C Peng ,A Öskarsson

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.172301

Abstract

The PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured electrons with 0.3 < p(T) < 9 GeV/c at midrapidity (y < 0.35) from heavy-flavor (charm and bottom) decays in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The nuclear modification factor R-AA relative to p + p collisions shows a strong suppression in central Au + Au collisions, indicating substantial energy loss of heavy quarks in the medium produced at RHIC energies. A large azimuthal anisotropy v(2) with respect to the reaction plane is observed for 0.5 < p(T) < 5 GeV/c indicating substantial heavy-flavor elliptic flow. Both R-AA and v(2) show a p(T) dependence different from those of neutral pions. A comparison to transport models which simultaneously describe R-AA(p(T)) and v(2)(p(T)) suggests that the viscosity to entropy density ratio is close to the conjectured quantum lower bound, i.e., near a perfect fluid.

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