Energy loss and electron and x-ray emission of slow highly charged Arq+ions in grazing incidence on an Al(111) surface

Abstract

Within the framework of the classical over-barrier model, energy loss, electron emission, and x-ray emission of slow highly charged ion Ar${}^{q+}$ grazing on the Al(111) single-crystal surface under various azimuthal angles have been studied. The enhancement of energy loss, potential electron emission yields, intensity of $\mathit{KL}$${}^{1}$ satellite lines, or x-ray yields for the Ar${}^{17+}$ ion grazing along low-index crystallographic directions was observed. The calculated energy-loss spectra of atomic projectiles Ar${}^{0}$ interacting with metallic surface agree reasonably well with experiment. The inner-shell filling contributions through the side feeding mechanism, Auger transitions, and the radiative decay process are discussed by analyzing the final charge-state distributions of the reflected ions, potential electron emission yields, and x-ray yields under different azimuthal angles.