Abstract
Measured energy expenditure rather than intakes is used to derive dietary reference values for energy intakes. Population studies of energy expenditure with doubly labeled water, expressed as physical activity level (PAL) × basal metabolic rate (BMR), have indicated the distribution of PAL values so that recommendations can be calculated on the basis of the population (median PAL) and 25th and 75th centiles for less active or more active groups. Prescriptive energy reference values aimed at maintaining healthy body weights are then estimated as PAL × BMR with BMR predicted for healthy adult body weights at population heights and in infants, children, and adolescents from healthy body weights at each age.
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