Abstract
In this paper, we investigate energy efficient and energy harvesting (EH) in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) where all base stations (BSs) are equipped to harvest energy from renewable energy sources, e.g., solar. We consider a hybrid power supply of green (renewable) and traditional micro-grid, such that traditional micro-grid is not exploited as long as the BSs can meet their power demands from harvested and stored green energy. Therefore, our goal is to minimize the network-wide energy consumption subject to users' certain quality of service and BSs' power consumption constraints. As a result of binary BS sleeping status and user-cell association variables, proposed is formulated as a binary linear programming (BLP) problem. Two cases based on the knowledge level about future renewable energy (RE) statistics are investigated: (i) an online knowledge case where future RE statistics are unknown, (ii) an offline knowledge case where future network's statistics are a priori perfectly estimated. A green communication algorithm based on binary particle swarm optimization is implemented to solve the problem with low complexity time.
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