Abstract
Recently, piezoelectric materials have achieved remarkable attention for charging wireless sensor nodes. Among piezoelectric materials, non-ferroelectric materials are more cost effective because they can be prepared without a polarization process. In this study, a non-ferroelectric nanogenerator was manufactured from 0.7PbZn0.3Ti0.7O3-0.3Na2TiO3 (PZnT-NT). It was demonstrated that the increment of conductivity via adding the Na2TiO3 plays an essential role in increasing the permittivity of the non-ferroelectric nanogenerator and hence improved the generated power density. The dielectric measurements of this material demonstrated high conductivity that quenched the polarization phase. The performance of the device was studied experimentally over a cantilever test rig; the vibrating cantilever (0.4 ms−2) was excited by a motor operated at 30 Hz. The generated power successfully illuminated a light emitting diode (LED). The PZnT-NT nanogenerator produced a volume power density of 0.10 μw/mm3 and a surface power density of 10 μw/cm2. The performance of the proposed device with a size of (20 × 15 × 1 mm3) was higher in terms of power output than that of the commercial microfiber composite (MFC) (80 × 57 × 0.335 mm3) and piezoelectric bimorph device (70 × 50 × 0.7 mm3). Compared to other existing ferroelectric and non-ferroelectric nanogenerators, the proposed device demonstrated great performance in harvesting the energy at low acceleration and in a low frequency environment
Highlights
The conversion of wasted mechanical vibration to useful electrical energy is one of the underlying strategic issues in the field of sustainable energy
2 TiO3 permittivity) of the proposed nanogenerator can be enhanced by adding conductive filler show a reduction of the ferroelectric and the remnant polarization andproperty field strength were μC/cm and 1 kV/cm, respectively. property, Overall, the results show that the dielectric
With the aim of powering wireless sensor nodes without a battery, there is a continuous effort towards harvesting the wasted mechanical energy from low frequency and low acceleration environments, using piezoelectric materials
Summary
The conversion of wasted mechanical vibration to useful electrical energy is one of the underlying strategic issues in the field of sustainable energy. Previous studies demonstrated that non-ferroelectric nanogenerators or nanogenerators with low ferroelectric phase materials can provide high current density (close circuit) It has a great competitive advantage compared to the brittle lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ferroelectric harvesters. The ferroelectric harvesters exhibit very high voltages (open circuit) whereas the non-ferroelectric harvesters can generate a high current density [14,18,20] In this regard, the ferroelectric phase of PbZnTiO3 will be evaluated in this study due to the fact that there are inadequate estimations or studies of such types of piezoelectric materials. The power density was recorded and compared with two common types of piezoelectric harvesters
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