Energy Harvesting and Magneto-Inductive Communications With Molecular Magnets on Vibrating Graphene and Biomedical Applications in the Kilohertz to Terahertz Band

Abstract

Magneto-inductive (MI) Terahertz (THz) wireless channels provide significant theoretical performances for MI communications (MIC) and wireless power transmission (WPT) in nanoscale networks. Energy harvesting (EH) and signal generation are critical for autonomous operation in challenging medium including biomedical channels. State of the art electromagnetic (EM) vibrational devices have millimeter dimensions while targeting low frequency EH without any real-time communications. In this article, graphene resonators are combined with single molecule magnets (SMMs) to realize nanoscale EH, MIC and WPT with novel modulation methods achieving simultaneous wireless information and PT (SWIPT). Unique advantages of graphene including atomic thickness, ultra-low weight, high strain and resonance frequencies in the Kilohertz to Terahertz band are combined with high and stable magnetic moments of Terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) SMMs. Numerical analyses provide tens of nanowatts powers and efficiencies of $10^4 \, W/m^3$ in acoustic and ultrasound frequencies comparable with vibrational EH devices while millimeter wave carrier generation is numerically analyzed. Proposed model and communication theoretical analysis present a practical framework for challenging applications in the near future by promising simple mechanical design. Applications include nanoscale biomedical tagging including human cells, sensing and communication for diagnosis and treatment, EH and modulation for autonomous nano-robotics, and magnetic particle imaging (MPI).