Abstract
Lepton-hadron colliders that use a proton or nucleus beam of current and future hadron colliders and let it collide with an electron beam from a newly built electron accelerator bring attractive physics programs which are strong and complementary to the hadron collider physics. Machine development for Energy Recovery LINAC and physics performance studies of such electron-hadron colliders, specifically the LHeC that uses the existing LHC beam and FCC-eh that is an option of Future Circular Collider program, are ongoing and reviewed in this article.
Highlights
Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of electrons on protons or nuclei has been traditionally the best way to probe the inner structure of nucleon and nuclei
A precision of 0.3% is expected at the LHeC, which can further improve to 0.1% when combined with HERA results[7]
A design of an energy recovery LINAC (ERL) with 60 GeV electron beam is at an advanced state, and a demonstrator PERLE is proposed
Summary
Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of electrons on protons or nuclei has been traditionally the best way to probe the inner structure of nucleon and nuclei. The HERA collider at DESY was the last and highest-energy ep collider which had a center-of-mass (cms) energy of 318 GeV It provided the PDF (parton distribution functions) of the proton up to the scale of Q2 ≈ 104 GeV2 and down to x ≈ 10−5, which are indispensable inputs to the physics at the LHC. Two ideas have been discussed; the LHeC1 collides a 60 GeV e-beam with the 7 TeV p-beam of the LHC, with a center-of-mass (cms) energy of 1.3 TeV, and FCC-eh collides a 60 GeV e-beam with the 50 TeV p-beam of the planned FCC (Future Circular Collider), with a cms energy of 3.5 TeV Both ideas have an option to use a beam of nuclei in addition to the proton beam. A typical result using a more flexible form (the red one in the previous slide) for the gluons: No LHeC data
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