Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an important non-therapeutic tool in primary prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). To improve activity-based health management, patients need to quantify activity-related energy expenditure and the other components of total daily energy expenditure. This review explores differences between the components of total energy expenditure in patients with DM and healthy people and presents various tools for assessing the energy expenditure in subjects with DM. From this review, it appears that patients with uncontrolled DM have a higher basal energy expenditure (BEE) than healthy people which must be considered in the establishment of new BEE estimate equations. Moreover, studies showed a lower activity energy expenditure in patients with DM than in healthy ones. This difference may be partially explained by patient with DMs poor compliance with exercise recommendations and their greater participation in lower intensity activities. These specificities of PA need to be taken into account in the development of adapted tools to assess activity energy expenditure and daily energy expenditure in people with DM. Few estimation tools are tested in subjects with DM and this results in a lack of accuracy especially for their particular patterns of activity. Thus, future studies should examine sensors coupling different technologies or method that is specifically designed to accurately assess energy expenditure in patients with diabetes in daily life.
Highlights
In recent decades, a decrease in leisure activity followed by a rise in sedentary behaviors and the degradation of eating habits have been observed
This review highlights that this lower activity energy expenditure (AEE) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) could be linked to a lower amount of activity and the prevalence of low intensity activities
More studies should be conducted to determine the influence of diabetic altered gait on energy expenditure during Physical activity (PA). All these results demonstrate the need to develop adapted tools and methods to estimate free-living total energy expenditure in patients with DM
Summary
A decrease in leisure activity followed by a rise in sedentary behaviors and the degradation of eating habits have been observed. These changes have led to an increasing risk of developing metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) [1,2,3]. 7 years later, Whiting et al [5] assessed that 366 million people had diabetes and projected an increase to 552 million people by 2030. Studies show a decrease of 15–67% in the relative risk of developing DM [7,8,9,10,11]. When associated with a healthy diet, PA is considered to be an imperative component in the treatment
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